How Many Calories Does Walking Use?

  While the most important value of exercise is general good
health, a side benefit is the calories we burn that would otherwise
become unwanted weight gain. If you have been curious about
how many calories you use walking, the table below provides
some estimates.

  The main factors that affect number of calories burned are your
weight and the speed you walk.  Of course, walking uphill burns
more calories and downhill burns fewer calories.  

  Walking at about 3.5 mph (miles per hour) is the most energy
efficient pace and therefore uses the fewest calories per mile.
Walking slower requires more calories per mile. Similarly,
walking faster than 3.5 miles/hour uses more calories as we
swing our arms to keep balance, breathe harder, etc.


   Speed/Weight        100 lb        200 lb        300 lb
           2.0 mph             57             114             170
           2.5 mph             55             109             164
           3.0 mph             53             106             159
           3.5 mph             52             104             156
           4.0 mph             57             114             170
           4.5 mph             64             127             191
           5.0 mph             73             145             218

  Interested in more about what affects the number of calories
burned per mile while walking? There’s more to learn in Wendy
Bumgardner article titled “
How Many Calories Does Walking Burn
Per Mile.”

  Join me for a Saturday morning walk that’s guaranteed to be fun
and burn a few calories.

  
Nancy Neighbors, MD


          

                 
  Was The Refrigerator Guilty?

  An urgent evening call about digestive distress frequently turns
out to be about a food-borne illness issue.  If the event followed a
meal eaten at a restaurant, the restaurant typically gets the
blame.  In fairness to restaurants, if our home kitchens had to
meet the health standards of restaurants, virtually all home
kitchens would fail the inspection.

  While restaurants can be the source of food-borne illnesses,
the more common cause is our home kitchen.  Four culprits top
the list.

  1. Failure to properly clean hands, surfaces or food,
  2. Cross contamination during preparation or storage,
  3. Failure to cook at a safe internal temperature, or
  4. Failure to properly defrost, refrigerate or freeze

  Counter tops and cutting boards are a frequent source of cross
contamination.  Wooden cutting boards are the biggest
challenge. When possible use a glass or plastic cutting board.  In
either case, when the possibility of cross contamination is
possible, clean with hot soapy water.

  Washing hands with hot soapy water is wise.  As for drying with
a reusable cloth towel, a lot depends on where the towel has
been roaming.  A cloth towel reused after meats have been
prepared or just hanging around for a week is an accident waiting
to happen.  There are many situations where paper towels are a
wise alternative.

  The care needed in cleaning of fresh fruits and vegetables
depends on how they will be prepared.  If served raw, a prewash
with a scrub brush followed by a rinse under clean water is
usually the right approach.  Of course, delicate fruits like fresh
berries will at best get a double rinse.

  Cross-contamination of bacteria from animal products to other
foods can happen when transferred between containers or left in
poorly covered containers in the refrigerator.

  Meats need to be cooked to a high enough internal temperature
to kill harmful bacteria that can cause food-borne illness.  Poultry
should reach a safe minimum internal temperature of 165°F. For
other meats, cook to a minimum internal temperature of 145°F.  
Heat other leftovers thoroughly to 165°F.  Most importantly, make
sure there are no cold spots where bacteria can survive.  For best
results, cover food to hold in heat, stir, and if microwaving, rotate
the dish by hand a few times during cooking.

  When storing food in the refrigerator keep the temperature at or
below 40°F.  Still, some bacteria like Listeria can survive and
grow in refrigerator temperatures below 40°F.  For perishables,
put them in the refrigerator as soon as you get home.  Frozen
foods should be kept at 0°F or below.  Studies have identified the
produce compartment in home refrigerator as was one of the
“germiest” places in the kitchen.  Keeping it clean reduces the
likelihood of cross contamination in the refrigerator.  Routine
cleaning with hot soapy water is wise.

  In general, avoid letting raw meat, poultry, eggs, cooked food or
cut fresh fruits or vegetables sit at room temperature more than
two hours or longer than one hour if the room is above 90°F.

  After thawing, food becomes more susceptible to spoiling due
to the effects of freezing.  That’s why it’s best to defrost frozen
food in the refrigerator.  In general, it’s best to avoid defrosting
food at room temperature.  Food can be more quickly thawed in
water or in the microwave.  Just be sure it’s cooked immediately
after thawing.

  These are a few reminders for avoiding the distress of food
borne illnesses.  Learn more at “
Top 10 home safety myths.”  For
a deeper dive into food safety visit the
Partnership for Food Safety
Education, an education oriented organization advising
consumers about how to prevent food poisoning.

  Our susceptibility to food-borne illnesses is largely determined
by our general health and natural immunity.  When we are
healthier, illness is less likely and when it happens is less
severe.  Topping the healthy To-Do List for most is diet and
exercise.  As for exercise, should you need a little encouragement
to get started, then join me for a fun walk Saturday morning.  It’s a
fun way to start the day.

  Regardless of where you call home, food safety is always
important.

  
          
          When to Call the Doctor?

  Most food-borne illnesses resolve on their own, but you should
call the doctor if you have:

  • A high fever
  • Bloody stools
  • Prolonged vomiting
  • Diarrhea lasting more than 3 days
  • Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, dizziness, or reduced
urination)